Этническая идентичность детей в межэтнических семьях в контексте культуры родительства

  • О.Н. Безруков Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
  • В.А. Самойлова Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Ключевые слова: interethnic family, ethnic socialization, monoethnic identity, biethnic identity, ethnic indifference, parent-child relationships, parental attitude, parenting styles

Аннотация

Based on the interviews with children and parents conducted in 2017 and 2018 we research the role of family factors in the development of the ethnic identity of adolescents in interethnic families. We made a conclusion that the formation and the nature of ethnic identity in children from inter-ethnic families depend on the parenthood culture. The monoethnic identity in favor of the mother (mostly of the Russian origin) relates to the solidarity pattern of parenting, partnership marital relations and mostly dominant role of the mother in family upbringing. The biethnic identity (Russian and foreign) develops in the families with the traditional model of parenthood and the father as the head of the family who takes an active part in upbringing of a child. The delegating and mixed parenting pattern determine ethnic indifference and manifest themselves in shifting parental responsibilities to other people which consequently leads to a delay or insignificance of the process of ethnic identification of the maturing personality. The families where children grow up with mothers dominating both in matters of daily family life and upbringing are more frequent. The factors that contribute to ethnic indifference may be disagreements and conflicts between parents as well as reducing of joint parental activities when raising children. The children tend to perceive their parents as authoritarian in terms of upbringing, which leads to emotional alienation or denial of ethnic ties with them. We made a conclusion that the process of ethnic identification is dynamic and it depends on multiple factors.

Acknowledgments

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No 16-03-00414.

Литература

Abramova M.A., Goncharova G.S., Savelyev L.Ya. (2015) Tipologiya rossiyskikh semey v aspekte mezhetnicheskogo vzaimodeystviya [Typology of Russian families in the aspect of inter-ethnic interaction]. Vestnik NGU. Seriya: Filosofiya [Bulletin of the NSU. Series: Philosophy], 13 (3): 88–93 (in Russian).

Ananyina V.T. (2013) K probleme issledovaniya etnicheskoy identichnosti v mezhnatsional'nykh sem'yakh [On the problem of research about ethnic identity into cross-national families]. Sotsiologiya [ Sociology], 2: 239–46 (in Russian).

Berry J.W., Phinney J.S., Sam D.L., Vedder P. (2006) Immigrant Youth: Acculturation, Identity, and Adaptation. Applied Psychology: an International Review, 55(3): 303–332.

Bezrukova O.N. (2017) Tsennosti detey i roditel'stva: mezhpokolencheskaya dinamika [The values of children and parenthood: Intergenerational dynamics]. Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal [Sociological Journal], 23(1): 88–110 (in Russian).

Bezrukova O.N., Possel Y.A. Samoylova V.A. Rol' sem'i v formirovanii grazhdanskoy identichnosti detey migrantov [Family role in civil identity formation of migrant children]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies], 8: 43–53 (in Russian).

Bezrukova O. N., Samoilova V. A. (2016) Avtoritarnost' v roditel'skoy kul'ture materey [Authoritarian syndrome in mothers' child-rearing culture]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies], 8: 43–53 (in Russian).

Binning K.R., Unzueta M.M., Huo Y.J., Molina L.E. (2009). The interpretation of multiracial status and its relation to social Engagement and psychological well-being. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 35–49.

Burkhanova F.B., Muhamadeeva R.R. (2017) Etnicheskoye samosoznaniye podrostkov, vospityvayushchikhsya v mononatsional'nykh i mezhnatsional'nykh sem'yakh [Ethnic Self-Consciousness of Teenagers who are Brought up in Mono-Ethnic and Interethnic Families]. Vestnik VEGU [Bulletin of the VEGU] 1 (87): 30–42 (in Russian).

Choudhry S. (2010) Multifaceted identity of interethnic young people: Chameleon identities. Farnham: Ashgate.

Drobizheva L.M. (2017) Obshcherossiyskaya identichnost' i uroven' mezhnatsional'nogo soglasiya kak otrazheniye vektora konsolidatsionnykh protsessov [All-Russian identity and interethnic accord as a reflection of the consolidation processes in Russian society]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies], 1: 26–36 (in Russian).

Erikson E. (1996) Identichnost': yunost' i krizis [Identity: youth and crisis]. Moscow: Progress (in Russian).

Farver J.M., Xu Y., Bhadha B.R., Narang S., Lieber E. (2007) Ethnic Identity, Acculturation, Parenting Beliefs, and Adolescent Adjustment: A Comparison of Asian Indian and European American Families. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 53 (2): 184–215.

Feldman S.S., Rosenthal D.Α. (1990). The acculturation of autonomy expectations in Chinese high schoolers residing in two Western nations. International Journal of Psychology, 25: 259–281.

Gibbs J. T. (2003). Biracial and bicultural children and adolescents. In: Gibbs J. T., Huang L. N. (еds). Children of color: Psychological interventions with culturally diverse youth San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass: 145–182.

Golovey L.A., Savenysheva S.S, Vasilenko V.E, Engelgardt E.E. (2014) K probleme differentsiatsii osnovnykh ponyatiy v sisteme otnosheniy «roditel' — rebenok»: teoreticheskiy i empiricheskiy aspekty [On Basic Concept Differentiation In The “Parent-Child” System Of Relations: Theoretical And Empirical Aspects]. Vestnik SPbGU. Seriya 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika [Bulletin of SPSU. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy], 2: 84–95 (in Russian).

Goodyer A., Okitikpi T. (2007). “…But…but I am brown.” The ascribed categories of identity: children and young people of mixed parentage. Child Care in Practice, 13: 83–94.

Herberg D. (1993) Frameworks for Cultural and Racial Diversity. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press Inc.

Ivaniushina V.A., Alexandrov D.A., Kazartseva E.V. (2016) Etnicheskaya samoidentifikatsiya podrostkov-migrantov [Ethnic Self-identification of Adolescents from Migrant Families]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 19(2): 27–44 (in Russian).

Kim K.V. (2008) Osobennosti etnicheskoy identichnosti individov iz mezhetnicheskikh semey [Features of ethnic identity of individuals from interethnic family]. Vestnik SPbGU. Seriya 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika [Bulletin of SPSU. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Pedagogy], 1: 259–263 (in Russian).

Kim Park I.J. (2007) Enculturation of Korean American Adolescents within Familial and Cultural Contexts: The Mediating Role of Ethnic Identity. Family Relations, 56 (4): 403–412.

Kozlovskiy V.V. (1997) Ponyatiye mental'nosti v sotsiologicheskoy perspektive [The concept of mentality in a sociological perspective]. In: Vinogradov V.D., Kozlovskiy V.V. (eds.). Sotsiologiya i sotsial'naya antropologiya. [Sociology and social anthropology]. St. Petersburg: Aletheia: 32–56 (in Russian).

Krylova N.L., Prozhogina S.V. (2002) «Smeshannyye braki»: Opyt mezhtsivilizatsionnogo obshcheniya [“Mixed marriages”: The experience of intercivilizational communication]. Moscow: Institute of African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).

Kukoba O.A. (2004) Priroda i struktura etnicheskogo mentaliteta [The nature and structure of the ethnic mentality]. Filosofiya i obshchestvo [Philosophy and Society], 4: 89–105(in Russian).

Kutyavina E.E., Malysheva S.K. (2010) Raznoetnicheskaya sem'ya kak sreda formirovaniya etnicheskoy identichnosti lichnosti [Interethnic family as an enviriment of ethnic identity formation]. Vestnik Nizhegorodskogo universiteta im. N.I. Lobachevskogo. Seriyа: Sotsialnye nauki [Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University. Series: Social Sciences], 2(18): 47−52 (in Russian).

Lam V.L. (2013) Developing Ethnic Identities and Ethnic Attitudes in Children: Theory and Research in Context. In: Agyemang C., Airhihenbuwa C., Aikins A. (eds). Ethnicity: Theories, International Perspectives and Challenges. Hauppauge; New York: Nova Science Publishers: 101–132.

Mishina M.M., Mursaliyeva G.M. (2016) Sravnitel'nyy analiz etnicheskoy identichnosti podrostkov iz raznykh kul'turnykh sred [Comparative analysis of the ethnic identity of adolescents from different cultural backgrounds]. Akmeologiya [Acmeology], 4(60): 121–125 (in Russian).

Pearce-Morris J., King V., (2012) The Well-Being of Children Living With Interethnic Parents: Are They at a Disadvantage? Journal of Family Issues, 33(7): 898–919.

Rotherham M. J., Phinney J.S. (1987). Introduction: Definitions and perspectives in the study of children's ethnic socialization. In: Phinney J.S., Rotherham M.J. (eds.). Children's ethnic socialization: pluralism and development. Newbury Park, CA: 10–28.

Ryzhova S.V. (2011) Etnicheskaya identichnost' v kontekste tolerantnosti [Ethnic Identity in the Context of Tolerance]. Moscow: Alpha (in Russian).

Samoylova V.A. Proyavleniya i dinamika avtoritarnogo soznaniya v sotsiokul'turnykh ustanovkakh gorodskogo naseleniya [Manifestations and dynamics of authoritarian consciousness in socio-cultural attitudes of urban population]. Vestnik SPbGU. Seriya 6: Filosofiya, politologiya, sotsiologiya, psikhologiya, pravo, mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya [Bulletin of SPSU. Series 6: Philosophy, Political Science, Sociology, Psychology, Law, International Relations], 3(20): 53–60 (in Russian).

Shapiro V.D., Gerasimova M.G., Epikhina Yu.B., Nizovtseva I.G., Syanova N.B. (2007) Podrostki i yunoshestvo v mnogonacional'noj Moskve: formirovanie etnicheskogo samosoznaniya i mezhetnicheskih otnoshenij [Teenagers and Young Adults in Multiethnic Moscow: Development of Ethnic Identity and Interethnic Relations]. Moscow: Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Publ. (in Russian).

Sikevich Z.V. (2012) Ehtnicheskie paradoksy i kul'turnye konflikty v rossijskom obshchestve. [Ethnic paradoxes and cultural conflicts in Russian society]. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press (in Russian).

Sizonenko Z.L. (2007) Mezhnatsionalnaya sem’ya v krupnom gorode [Inter-ethnic family in a big city], Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies], 2: 140–142 (in Russian).

Soldatova G.U. (1998) Psikhologiya mezhetnicheskoy napryazhennosti [Psychology of Ethnic Tension]. Moscow: Smysl publ. (in Russian).

Soroko E.L. (2014) Etnicheski smeshannye supruzheskie pary`v Rossijskoj Federacii [Ethnically mixed families in the Russian Federation]. Demograficheskoe obozrenie [Demographic Review], 4(4): 96–123 (in Russian).

Stefanenko T.G. (2009) Etnicheskaya identichnost': ot etnologii k sotsial'noy psikhologii [Ethnic Identity: From Ethnology to Social Psychology]. Vestnik MGU. Seriya 14. Psikhologiya [Bulletin of MSU. Series 14. Psychology], 2: 3–17 (in Russian).

Tajfel H., Turner J.C. (1979) An integrative theory of inter-group conflict. In: Austin W.G., Worchel S. (eds.) The social psychology of inter-group relations. Monterrey, CA: Brooks; Cole: 33–47.

Ushakov D.V. (2009) Rol' sem'i v vosproizvodstve etnichnosti narodov respubliki Altay. [Family role in ethnicity reproduction among peoples in Altai Republic]. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies], 3: 101–108 (in Russian).

Varga A.Y. Struktury i tipy roditel'skih otnoshenij [Structures and types of parental relationships] Moscow: Vlados (in Russian).

Wiener B. (1998) K postroyeniyu kachestvennoy regressionnoy modeli etnicheskoy identichnosti [Logistic Linear Model of Ethnic Identity]. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 1(3): 119–145 (in Russian).

Опубликован
2019-10-20
Как цитировать
Безруков, О., & Самойлова, В. (2019). Этническая идентичность детей в межэтнических семьях в контексте культуры родительства. ЖУРНАЛ СОЦИОЛОГИИ И СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АНТРОПОЛОГИИ, 22(3), 113-140. https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2019.22.3.5