Забота о стариках в интерпретациях отечественного кинематографа
Аннотация
Today's cinema is characterized by a surge of interest in the old age topic. Given that, the authors summarize the Russian cinema experience, both Soviet and contemporary, which has been released over the past four decades and devoted to caring for the elderly. Since cinema is one of the ways society reflects on itself, the authors aimed to "silver screen" overview, which allows them to fix possible changes in the legitimate ways of caring for the elderly. The authors suggest that demonstrating a person as an object of care is one of the strategies for attributing a state of old age to hero. For film analysis, the iconography method (E. Panofsky) was chosen, which explicates the rules' construction for film discourse based on thematic episodes comparisons. The authors based on the typology of care models related to the actor, which allowed to identify five ways for the organization of care in films. These are the following: living alone at home when neighbors help; living at home with a family whose members take care; living alone at home when care is carried out by specialists; accommodation in state nursing home and accommodation in a private nursing home for the elderly. According to the authors, the marginalization family care discourse in Russian films, as well as the development of the community method of care from the beginning of the 1990s (from neighbors, friends), indicates a confrontation between traditional and new care practices.
Литература
Chivers S. (2011) The Silvering Screen: Old Age and Disability in Cinema. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Cohen-Shalev A. (2009) Visions of Aging: Images of the Elderly in Film. Brighton: Sussex Academic.
Cole T.R. (1991) Aging, Home and Hollywood in the 1980s. The Gerontologist, 31(3): 427–430.
Grigoryeva I.A. (2019) Starenie i transformacija prioritetov social'noj politiki [Aging and Transformation of Priorities of Social Policy]. Suhodolova A.P., Karpikova I.S. (eds.) Novye tendencii v dejatel'nosti sociozashhitnyh institutov: materialy Vserossijskoj konferencii [New trends in the activities of social care institutions: materials of the All-Russian Conference]. Irkutsk: Izd-vo Bajkal'skogo gos. universiteta: 18–23 (in Russian).
Grigoryeva I.A., Sizova I.L., Moskvina A.J. (2019) Social'noe obsluzhivanie pozhilyh: realiza¬cija Federal'nogo zakona № 442 i dal'nejshie perspektivy [Social Services for the Elderly: Implementation of Federal Law No. 442 and Future Prospects]. Monitoring obshhestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsialnye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 4: 125—144 (in Russian).
Jones D.B. (1950) Quantitative Analysis of Motion Picture Content. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 14(3): 554–558.
Karagoda K.P. (2016) Starost' i smert' zhenshhiny v kino [Old Age and Death of a Woman in Movie]. Zengin S.S., Gricenko V.P., Macievskij G.O. (eds.) Obrazovanie i nauka v vysshej shkole: sovremennye trendy: materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii (Krasnodar, oktjabr' — nojabr' 2016 g.) [Education and Science in Higher Education: Current Trends: materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (Krasnodar, October — November 2016)]. Krasnodar: Krasnodarskij gosudarstvennyj institut kul'tury: 168–174 (in Russian).
Lavlinsky S.P. (2018) Ontologiia starosti v sovremennoi kulture: noveishaia dramaturgiia v kinematograficheskom i literaturnom gerontokontekste [Ontology of Old Age in Contemporary Culture: the Latest Drama in the Cinematic and Literary Gerontocontext]. Vestnik Samarskogo universiteta. Istoriia, pedagogika, filologiia [Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology], 24(2): 77–84 (in Russian).
Mortari L. (2016) Praktika zaboty [Practice of care]. St. Petersburg: Aleteya (in Russian).
Orlova G. (2006) «Voochiju vidim»: fotografija i sovetskij proekt v jepohu ih tehnicheskoj vosproizvodimosti [«See it firsthand»: Photography and the Soviet Project in the Era of Their Technical Reproducibility]. Sovetskaja vlast' i media [Soviet power and media]. St. Petersburg: Akademicheskij proekt: 188–204 (in Russian).
Panofsky E. (1999) Smysl i tolkovaniye izobrazitel'nogo iskusstva [Meaning in the Visual Arts: Papers in and on Art History]. St. Petersburg: Akademicheskij proekt: 26–54. (in Russian).
Parfenova O.A., Petuhova I.S. (2019) Konkurencija za zabotu o pozhilyh: taktiki social'nyh servisov v novyh uslovijah [Competition in Caring for the Elderly: Tactics of Social Services in the New Situation]. Monitoring obshhestvennogo mneniya: ekonomicheskie i sotsialnye peremeny [Monitoring of Public Opinion: Economic and Social Changes], 4: 173–186 (in Russian).
Redding A. (2014) Finish Worthy of the Start: The Poetics of Age and Masculinity in Clint Eastwood's “Gran Torino”. Film Criticism, 38(3): 2–23.
Shpakovskaja L., Kulmala M., Chernova Zh. (2019) Ideal'naja organizacija zaboty o detjah, ostavshihsja bez popechenija roditelej: reforma sistemy zashhity detej kak bor'ba za resursy i priznanie [The Ideal Organization of Care for Children Left without Parental Care: Russia’s Child Welfare Reform as a Battle over Resources and Recognition]. Laboratorium: zhurnal sotsialnykh issledovaniy [Laboratorium: Russian Review of Social Research], 11(1): 57–81 (in Russian).
Smolkin A.A. (2019) Sociologija vozrasta i granicy social'nogo konstruirovanija [Sociology of Age and the Boundaries of Social Construction]. Sotsiologiya vlasti [Sociology of Power], 31(1): 8–13 (in Russian).
Susoeva A.S., Nagornaja O.S. (2016) Kul'tura starosti v Rossii i stranah Zapada: obraz pozhilyh v sredstvah massovoj kul'tury i problema social'nogo samochuvstvija [The Culture of Old Age in Russia and the West: the Image of the Elderly in Media Culture and the Problem of Social Well-Being]. Vestnik Soveta molodyh uchenyh i specialistov Cheljabinskoj oblasti [Bulletin of the Council of Young Scientists and Specialists of the Chelyabinsk Region], 4(15): 98–101 (in Russian).
Tkach O. (2015) «Zabotlivyj dom»: uhod za pozhilymi rodstvennikami i problemy sovmestnogo prozhivanija [“Caring Home”: Care for Elderly Relatives and Problems of Cohabitation]. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Researches], 10: 94–102 (in Russian).
Usmanova A.R. (2007) Nauchenie videniju: k metodologii analiza fil'ma [Learning to see: towards a film analysis methodology]. Jarskaja-Smirnova E.R., Romanov P.V., Krutkin V.L. (red.) Vizual'naja antropologija: novye vzgljady na social'nuju real'nost' [Visual anthropology: new perspectives on social reality]. Saratov: Nauchnaja kniga: 183–204 (in Russian).
Vovk E. (2005) Stariki v sem'e: osobennosti mezhpokolencheskogo vzaimodejstvija [Old People in the Family: Features of Intergenerational Interaction]. Otechestvennyye zapiski [Homeland Papers], 3: 171–184 (in Russian).
Yahnke R. (2005) Heroes of Their Own Stories: Expressions of Aging in International Cinema. Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, 26(1): 57–76.
Zdravomyslova E., Nizamova A. (2019) Miry institucional'noj zaboty: sovmestnoe prozhivanie i konflikty v pansionate dlja ljudej starshego vozrasta [Institutional Care Worlds: Cohabitation and Conflict in Nursing Home for Elderly]. Borozdina E.A., Zdravomyslova E.A., Temkina A.A. (eds.) Kriticheskaja sociologija zaboty: perekrestki social'nogo neravenstva [Critical Sociology of Care: the Crossroads of Social Inequality]. St. Petersburg: Izd-vo EUSPb: 217–251 (in Russian).
