Роль НКО в развитии community care (общественной заботы) в России

Аннотация

By community care we mean any non-stationary or “mixed” care provided by close relatives / family, neighbors, guardians, NGOs, volunteers, municipal services, etc. The article answers the question: In what directions is the development of community care possible by NGOs (for example, working with the older people)? The study was carried out in line with the qualitative methodology. As empirical data, we used interviews with leaders and employees of NGOs in different Russian regions; materials of websites of NGOs, municipal and public organizations included in the organization of public care; publications. After analyzing the activities of NGOs (using the example of working with the elderly), we identified 5 existing directions in the development of community care: 1) Promotion of the ideas of community care, and mutual support and recruiting volunteers; 2) Implementation of direct patronage / care of older people with limited mobility at home; 3) Organization and conduct on its territory of events / clubs / "kindergartens" for the older people; 4) Training of relatives and other carers in the skills of caring for the older people, providing psychological and other support; 5) Training “community managers” instead of traditional social workers. Promising platforms for the development of community care are local community foundations (FMS), territorial public self-government (TOS) and the institution of foster families for the older people. The most effective approach is to organize community care, in which various actors are involved in the process, including local residents, state and municipal services and authorities, non-profit and business organizations.