Religiously motivated silence: opportunities for sociological study
Research Article
How to Cite
Spirkina A.K. (2025) Religiously motivated silence: opportunities for sociological study. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology), 28(1): 181–207 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.1.8 EDN: CMWFJX
Abstract
The article explores the possibilities of studying silence in a religious context as a social practice included in the continuum of everyday actions of a monk. Understood in such a “down-to-earth”, literal sense, this type of silence can be studied through the methods of participant observation, interviews, and through the analysis of monastery charters and other relevant documents. The Christian practices of silence discussed in the article differ from other “everyday silence” in that they have not only microsociological, but also well-recognized religious, extra-ordinary meaning. The specificity of religiously motivated silence and the discourse in which it exists obliges us to recognize that silence, at least in the minds of practitioners, is divided into “external” — following the norms of silence established in the monastery — and “internal” — the internalized need for silence for one’s own realization in spiritual work. Achieving “inner” silence is the goal of all speech restrictions prescribed in the charter or operating in the monastery tacitly. Despite the need for solitary communication with God, monks most often do not live alone, but form a community. In organizing such a “silent” community, the separation of “external” restrictions and “internal” work plays a special role. Silence, together with “leaving the world”, refusal from society and communication, plays a socializing role for the monk, strengthens and accelerates the process of religious transition. Being included in monastic life as an element of obedience, silence becomes both a socializing practice and the result of the individual’s consolidation in the monastic community.
Keywords:
silence, religiously motivated silence, social practice, monasticism, monastic charter, sociology of everyday life, microsociology
References
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Корбен А. (2020) История тишины: от эпохи Возрождения до наших дней. М.: Текст.
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Медведева К.С. (2015b) Социальный образ православных монастырей и монашества в современной России. Социологический журнал, 3(21): 45–62.
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Медведева К.С. (2019) О «непутевых черничках» и «птичках небесных»: парадокс монастырской тотальности. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 3(17): 331–344.
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Подвойский Д.Г., Спиркина А.К. (2022) В тишине…, меж людей…: молчание как предмет социологического изучения. Социологические исследования, 6: 125–135.
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Спиркина А.К. (2024) Социологические теории повседневности как инструмент исследования практик молчания. Социологические исследования, 6: 133–143.
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Bogdanov K.A. (1997) Essays on the anthropology of silence. Homo Tacens. St. Petersburg: RKHGI (in Russian).
Вебер М. (1994) Теория ступеней и направлений религиозного неприятия мира. Избранное. Образ общества. М.: Юрист: 7–42.
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Гарнак А. (1996) Монашество в восточном и западном обществе. Гараджа В.И., Руткевич Е.Д. (сост.) Религия и общество: хрестоматия по социологии религии. М.: Аспект Пресс: 238–252.
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Гофман И. (2003) Анализ фреймов: эссе об организации повседневного опыта. М.: Ин-т социологии РАН.
Goffman E. (2003) Frame analysis: an essay on the organization of experience. Moscow: IS RAN (in Russian).
Гофман Э. (2009) Ритуал взаимодействия: очерки поведения лицом к лицу. М.: Смысл.
Goffman E. (2009) Interaction ritual: Essays on face-to-face behavior. Moscow: Smysl (in Russian).
Гуляев Д.А. (2020) Современные медитативные практики западного христианства — поиск «новой духовности» или возврат к истокам? Вопросы богословия, 2(4): 165–188.
Gulyaev D.A. (2020) Modern Meditative Practices in Western Christianity: A Search for «The New Spirituality» or a Return to the Sources? Voprosy bogosloviya [Theological Questions], 2(4): 165–188 (in Russian).
Зенец Н.Г., Чалдышкина М.В. (2016) Практика молчания в русской духовной традиции как преодоление эгоистического начала человеческой природы. Успехи современной науки и образования, 7(5): 36–38.
Zenets N.G., Chaldyshkina M.V. (2016) Practice of silence in Russian religious tradition as overcoming of selfishness in the human nature. Uspekhi sovremennoj nauki i obrazovaniya [Achievements of modern science and education], 7(5): 36–38 (in Russian).
Козарезова О.О. (2016) Мистическое богословие Григория Паламы и традиция исихазма в аскетике Паисия Величковского. М.: Прометей.
Kozarezova O.O. (2016) The mystical theology of Gregory Palamas and the Tradition of Hesychasm in the Asceticism of Paisius Velichkovsky. Moscow: Prometey (in Russian).
Корбен А. (2020) История тишины: от эпохи Возрождения до наших дней. М.: Текст.
Corben A. (2020) The History of Silence: From the Renaissance to the Present Day. Moscow: Tekst (in Russian).
Медведева К.С. (2015a) Что социология может сказать о монашестве? Социологическое обозрение, 3(14): 153–160.
Medvedeva K.S. (2015a) What sociology have to say about monasticism? Sotsiologicheskoye obozreniye [Russian Sociological Review], 3(14): 153–160 (in Russian).
Медведева К.С. (2015b) Социальный образ православных монастырей и монашества в современной России. Социологический журнал, 3(21): 45–62.
Medvedeva K.S. (2015b) The social representation of Christian orthodox monasticism in contemporary Russia. Sotsiologicheskiy zhurnal [Sociological Journal], 3(21): 45–62 (in Russian).
Медведева К.С. (2016) Полевая работа в монастыре: особенности включенного наблюдения. Журнал социологии и социальной антропологии, 1(19): 59–72.
Medvedeva K.S. (2016) Field work in a monastery: features of participant observation. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii [The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology], 1(19): 59–72 (in Russian).
Медведева К.С. (2019) О «непутевых черничках» и «птичках небесных»: парадокс монастырской тотальности. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 3(17): 331–344.
Medvedeva K.S. (2019) About “unlucky blueberries” and “birds of heaven”: the paradox of monastic totality. Zhurnal issledovaniy sotsial'noy politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies], 3 (17): 331–344 (in Russian).
Ноэль-Нойман Э. (1996) Общественное мнение: открытие спирали молчания. М.: Прогресс-Академия; Весь мир.
Noelle-Neumann E. (1996) Public Opinion: Discovery of the Spiral of Silence. Moscow: Progress-Akademiya; Ves mir (in Russian).
Подвойский Д.Г., Спиркина А.К. (2022) В тишине…, меж людей…: молчание как предмет социологического изучения. Социологические исследования, 6: 125–135.
Podvoyskiy D.G., Spirkina A.K. (2022) In the quiet..., between people...: silence as a subject of sociological study. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 6: 125–135 (in Russian).
Спиркина А.К. (2023a) Конструирование социальности в практике «молчания у гроба». Михайлин В.Ю. (сост. и общ. ред.) Умолчание. Интерпретация культурных кодов: 2023. Саратов: Наука: 244–257.
Spirkina A.K. (2023a) Constructing sociality in the practice of «silence at the coffin». In: Mikhailin V.Yu. (ed. and comp.) Silence. Interpretation of cultural codes: 2023. Saratov: Nauka: 244–257 (in Russian).
Спиркина А.К. (2023b) Роль молчания в производстве социального порядка медитации (на примере випассаны). Вестник РУДН. Серия: Социология, 2 (23): 389–403.
Spirkina A.K. (2023b) The role of silence in the production of social order in meditation (on the example of vipassana). Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Sotsiologiya [RUDN Journal of Sociology], 2 (23): 389–403 (in Russian).
Спиркина А.К. (2024) Социологические теории повседневности как инструмент исследования практик молчания. Социологические исследования, 6: 133–143.
Spirkina A.K. (2024) Sociological theories of everyday life as a tool for researching silence practices. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya [Sociological Studies], 6: 133–143 (in Russian).
Стобер М. (2015) Размышления о процессах и проблемных аспектах мистической созерцательной медитации. Шохин В.К. (отв. ред.) Философия религии: альманах 2014–2015. М.: Наука — Восточная литература: 15–42.
Stoeber M. (2015) Exploring Processes and Dynamics of Mystical Contemplative Meditation: Some Christian-Buddhist Parallels in Relation to Transpersonal Theory. In: Shokhin V.K. (ed.) Philosophy of religion: almanac 2014–2015. Moscow: Nauka — Vostochnaya literatura: 15–42 (in Russian).
Шюц А. (2003) О множественности реальностей. Социологическое обозрение, 2(3): 3–34.
Schutz A. (2003) On multiple realities. Sotsiologicheskoye obozreniye [Russian Sociological Review], 2(3): 3–34 (in Russian).
Carlin A.P. (2003) On «owning» silence: Talk, texts, and the «semiotics» of bibliographies. Semiotica, 1/4(146): 117–138.
Christensen H.R., Høeg I. M., Kühle L., Nordin M. (2019) Rooms of silence at three universities in Scandinavia. Sociology of Religion, 3(80): 299–322.
Collins R. (2010) The Micro-Sociology of Religion: Religious Practices, Collective and Individual. ARDA Guiding Paper Series. State College, PA: The Association of Religion Data Archives at The Pennsylvania State University. [https://www.thearda.com/categories/arda-papers/guiding-papers/the-micro-sociology-of-religion-religious-practices-collective-and-individual] (accessed: 19.01.2024).
Ehrenhaus P. (1988) Silence and symbolic expression. Communication Monographs, 1(55): 41–57.
Fennell D. (2012) Explorations of Silence in the Religious Rituals of Buddhists and Quakers. Religion, 4(42): 549–574.
Gehl P.F. (1987) Competens silentium: Varieties of monastic silence in the medieval west. Viator, 18: 125–160.
Jewdokimow M., Palmisano S., Budzanowska-Weglenda D. (2020) Loud internal life in a silent community: Towards lived aspects of religious life in a cloistered, female monastery. Social Compass, 3(67): 410–427.
Kurzon D. (1997) Discourse of Silence. Amsterdam — Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Co.
Lynch M. (1999) Silence in Context: ethnomethodology and social theory. Human Studies, 22: 211–233.
Molina-Markham E. (2014) Finding the «sense of the meeting»: Decision making through silence among Quakers. Western Journal of Communication, 2(78): 155–174.
Munzer S.R. (2020) Silence as a Christian Experience and Practice. Studia Monastica, 62: 253–274.
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Article
Received: 01.10.2024
Accepted: 25.03.2025
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
ACM
[1]
Spirkina, A.K. 2025. Religiously motivated silence: opportunities for sociological study. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology). 28, 1 (Mar. 2025), 181–207. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2025.28.1.8.
Section
Sociology of Religion
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