The Influence of Organizational and Individual Factors on Employee Burnout
Research Article
How to Cite
Kabalina V.I., Voronina N.D., Cheglakova L.M., Djokic A. (2024) The Influence of Organizational and Individual Factors on Employee Burnout. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology), 27(4): 7–39 (in Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2024.27.4.1 EDN: IXYDAQ
Abstract
Over the past few years, the problem of burnout has become widespread. Despite the growing number of publications and studies, most of them focus primarily on the psychometric properties of burnout, and they are more descriptive than explanatory in nature. In publications, there is a noticeable dominance of psychological approaches and research at the individual level, which entails practical recommendations for changing the attitudes and behavior of workers, making improvements at specific workplaces, without affecting more fundamental decisions at the level of the organization as a whole. The article discusses the results of an empirical study, the purpose of which is to determine the presence and nature of the relationship between a number of organizational and individual factors and the components of burnout among employees of an industrial company. Data were collected through a survey of 915 employees in February-March 2022. To identify the relationships between factors and such components of burnout according to the model of K. Maslach and colleagues, such as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduction of personal achievements, three regression models were built, which showed a fairly high explanatory power. As a result of statistical analysis of the collected data, factors were identified that both increased and decreased the likelihood of burnout among employees of the company under study, including a breakdown by three components of burnout. Organizational factors such as fair remuneration, adequate workload, the ability to rely on coworkers for help, and intensive communication were among the factors that reduced overall burnout. Individual factors such as low status in the management hierarchy (workers and specialists) and men with minor children have proven to reduce emotional exhaustion. The scientific value of the study lies in drawing attention to the factors of burnout at work as one of the manifestations of the state and behavior of an employee in an industrial company, which is still very rarely an empirical object of research.
Keywords:
burnout at work, organizational factors, individual factors, industrial company
References
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Водопьянова Н.Е., Старченкова Е.С. (2008) Синдром выгорания: диагностика и профилактика. СПб.: Питер.
Vodopyanova N.E., Starchenkova E.S. (2008) Burnout syndrome: diagnostics and prevention. St. Petersburg: Piter (in Russian).
Водопьянова Н.Е., Старченкова Е.С. (2023) Синдром выгорания. Диагностика и профилактика: практическое пособие. М.: Юрайт.
Vodopyanova N.E., Starchenkova E.S. (2023) Burnout syndrome. Diagnostics and prevention: a practical guide. M.: Yurait (in Russian).
Воронина Н.Д., Зангиева И.К. (2011) Установки работников на внутрифирменное взаимодействие в сфере социально-трудовых отношений. Экономическая социология, 12(5): 72–90.
Voronina N.D., Zangieva I.K. (2011) Employees’ attitudes towards intra-firm interaction in the sphere of social and labor relations. Economic Sociology, 12(5): 72–90 (in Russian).
Гофман О.О., Водопьянова Н.Е., Джумагулова А.Ф., Никифоров Г.С. (2023) Проблема профессионального выгорания специалистов в сфере информационных технологий: теоретический обзор. Организационная психология, 13(1): 117–144.
Gofman O.O., Vodopyanova N.E., Dzhumagulova A.F., Nikiforov G.S. (2023) The problem of professional burnout of specialists in the field of information technology: a theoretical review. Organizational Psychology, 13(1): 117–144 (in Russian).
Журавлева А., Сергиенко Е. (ред.) (2011) Стресс, выгорание, совладание в современном контексте. М.: Институт психологии РАН.
Zhuravleva A., Sergienko E. (eds.) (2011) Stress, burnout, coping in the modern context. Moscow: Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Кабалина В. И., Джокич А., Чеглакова Л. М. (2023) Организационный климат и выгорание сотрудников промышленной компании. Российский журнал менеджмента 21(2): 228–254.
Kabalina V. I., Djokic A., Cheglakova L. M. (2023) Organizational climate and burnout of employees of an industrial company. Russian Journal of Management, 21(2): 228–254 (in Russian).
Козина И.М., Сережкина Е.В. (2019) Производственные факторы стресса в работе российских и французских IT-специалистов. Социологические исследования, (5): 26–35.
Kozina I.M., Serezhkina E.V. (2019) Production stress factors in the work of Russian and French IT specialists. Sociological research, 5: 26–35 (in Russian).
Липатов С. А. (2012) Проблема взаимодействия человека и организации: концепции и направления исследований. Вестник Московского университета. Сер. 14. Психология. 1: 85–96.
Lipatov S. A. (2012) The problem of interaction between man and organization: concepts and directions of research. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14. Psychology. 1: 85–96 (in Russian).
Орлова И. В., Филонова Е. С. (2015) Выбор экзогенных факторов в модель регрессии при мультиколлинеарности данных. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований, 5(1): 108–116.
Orlova I. V., Filonova E. S. (2015) Selection of exogenous factors in a regression model with multicollinearity of data. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research, 5(1): 108–116 (in Russian).
Русских С.В., Москвичева Л.И., Тарасенко Е.А., Тимурзиева А.Б., Макарова Е.В., Макарова Е.В., Тырановец С.В., Васильев М.Д. (2023) Взаимосвязь эмоционального выгорания с удовлетворённостью работой у врачей-онкологов терапевтического и хирургического профилей. Организационная психология, 13(1): 9–34.
Russkikh S.V., Moskvicheva L.I., Tarasenko E.A., Timurzieva A.B., Makarova E.V., Makarova E.V., Tyranovets S.V., Vasiliev M.D. (2023) The relationship between emotional burnout and job satisfaction in oncologists of therapeutic and surgical profiles. Organizational Psychology, 13(1): 9–34 (in Russian).
Сережкина Е.В. (2019) Управление стрессом на рабочем месте: организационный подход. Российский журнал менеджмента, 17(2): 233–250.
Serezhkina E.V. (2019) Workplace stress management: An organizational approach. Russian Management Journal, 17(2): 233–250 (in Russian).
Темницкий А.Л. (2002) Социокультурные факторы трудового поведения промышленных рабочих, 1990-е годы. Социологический журнал, 2: 76–94.
Temnitsky A.L. (2002) Sociocultural factors of industrial workers’ labor behavior, 1990s. Sociological Journal, 2: 76–94 (in Russian).
Темницкий А.Л. (2013) Расширение функций и контекста современных исследований удовлетворенности трудом. Социологический журнал, 3: 139–148.
Temnitsky A.L. (2013) Expanding the functions and context of modern job satisfaction studies. Sociological Journal, 3: 139–148 (in Russian).
Ajayi F.A., Udeh C.A. (2024) Combating Burnout in the IT industry: A review of employee well-being initiative. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(4): 567–588.
Alarcon G. (2011) A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2): 549–562.
Ayachit M., Chitta S. (2022). A systematic review of burnout studies from the hospitality literature. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31 (2): 125–144.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Euwema M.C. (2005) Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2): 170–180.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. (2007) The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology 22(3): 309–328.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. (2017) Job Demands-Resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3): 273–285.
Bakker A.B., de Vries J.D. (2021) Job Demands-Resources theory and self-regulation: new explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34(1): 1–21.
Cho E. (2020) A comprehensive review of so-called Cronbach’s alpha. Journal of Product Research, 38(1): 9–20.
Cox T., Karanika-Murray M., Griffiths A., Houdmont J. (2008) Evaluating Organizational-level Work Stress Interventions: Beyond Traditional Methods. Work & Stress, 21: 348–362.
Demerouti E., Bakker A.B., Nachreiner F., Schaufeli W.B. (2001) The job demands–resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3): 499–512.
Demerouti E., Mostert K., Bakker A.B. (2010) Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3): 209–222.
Dougherty C. (2011) Introduction to econometrics. USA: Oxford University Press.
Janssen P.P., Schaufeli W.B., Houkes I. (1999) Work-related and individual determinants of the three burnout dimensions. Work & Stress, 13(1): 74–86.
Hobfoll S.E. (2001) The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3): 337–421.
Lambert E.G., Qureshi H., Frank J., Klahm C., Smith B. (2018) Job stress, job involvement job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and their associations with job burnout among Indian police officers: a research note. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 33(2): 85–99.
Leiter M.P., Maslach C. (2004) Areas of worklife: a structured approach to organizational predictors of job burnout. In: Perrewe P.L., Ganster D.C. (eds.) Occupational Stress and Well-being. Oxford: Elsevier, 91–134.
Lesener T., Gusy B., Wolter C. (2019) The job demands-resources model: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 33(1): 76–103.
Marmot M., Siegrist J., Theorell T. (2006) Health and the Psychosocial Environment at Work. In: Marmot M., Wilkinson R.G. (eds.) Social Determinants of Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maslach C. (1976) Burned out. Human Behaviour, 9: 16–22.
Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 3rd ed. Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach C., Schaufeli W.B., Leiter M. (2001) Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1): 397–422.
Maslach C., Leiter M.P. (2008) Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3): 498–512.
Maslach C., Leiter M.P. (2022) The Burnout Challenge: Managing People’s Relationships with Their Jobs. Harvard University Press.
Maricuţoiu L., Sava F., Butta O. (2016) The effectiveness of controlled interventions on employees’ burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(1): 1–27.
Murphy L. (1995) Occupational Stress Management: Current Status and Future Directions. Trends in Organizational Behavior, 2: 1–14.
Palmer S., Cooper C., Thomas K. (2003) Revised Model of Organizational Stress for Use within Stress Prevention/Management and Wellbeing Programs — Brief Update. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 41(2): 57–68.
Perlman B., Hartman E.A. (1982) Burnout: Summary and Future Research. Human Relations, 35(4): 283–305.
Tarcan G.Y., Tarcan M., Top M. (2017) An analysis of relationship between burnout and job satisfaction among emergency health professionals. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(11–12): 1339–1356.
Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Dollard M.F., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W., Schreurs P.J.G. (2007) When do job demands particularly predict burnout? The moderating role of job resources. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(8): 766–786.
Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. (2009) Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3): 235–244.
Bessokirnaya G.P., Temnitskiy A.L. (2013) Workers in reforming Russia as an object of management and a subject of labor. Universe of Russia, 3:115–150 (in Russian).
Булгаков А.В., Кулиева Т.А. (2023) Обзор отечественных и зарубежных исследований синдрома эмоционального выгорания у сотрудников полиции: инструментарий, результаты, профилактика. Вестник Московского университета МВД России, 1: 326–333.
Bulgakov A.V., Kulieva T.A. (2023) Review of domestic and foreign studies of emotional burnout syndrome in police officers: tools, results, prevention. Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1: 326–333 (in Russian).
Водопьянова Н.Е., Старченкова Е.С. (2008) Синдром выгорания: диагностика и профилактика. СПб.: Питер.
Vodopyanova N.E., Starchenkova E.S. (2008) Burnout syndrome: diagnostics and prevention. St. Petersburg: Piter (in Russian).
Водопьянова Н.Е., Старченкова Е.С. (2023) Синдром выгорания. Диагностика и профилактика: практическое пособие. М.: Юрайт.
Vodopyanova N.E., Starchenkova E.S. (2023) Burnout syndrome. Diagnostics and prevention: a practical guide. M.: Yurait (in Russian).
Воронина Н.Д., Зангиева И.К. (2011) Установки работников на внутрифирменное взаимодействие в сфере социально-трудовых отношений. Экономическая социология, 12(5): 72–90.
Voronina N.D., Zangieva I.K. (2011) Employees’ attitudes towards intra-firm interaction in the sphere of social and labor relations. Economic Sociology, 12(5): 72–90 (in Russian).
Гофман О.О., Водопьянова Н.Е., Джумагулова А.Ф., Никифоров Г.С. (2023) Проблема профессионального выгорания специалистов в сфере информационных технологий: теоретический обзор. Организационная психология, 13(1): 117–144.
Gofman O.O., Vodopyanova N.E., Dzhumagulova A.F., Nikiforov G.S. (2023) The problem of professional burnout of specialists in the field of information technology: a theoretical review. Organizational Psychology, 13(1): 117–144 (in Russian).
Журавлева А., Сергиенко Е. (ред.) (2011) Стресс, выгорание, совладание в современном контексте. М.: Институт психологии РАН.
Zhuravleva A., Sergienko E. (eds.) (2011) Stress, burnout, coping in the modern context. Moscow: Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences (in Russian).
Кабалина В. И., Джокич А., Чеглакова Л. М. (2023) Организационный климат и выгорание сотрудников промышленной компании. Российский журнал менеджмента 21(2): 228–254.
Kabalina V. I., Djokic A., Cheglakova L. M. (2023) Organizational climate and burnout of employees of an industrial company. Russian Journal of Management, 21(2): 228–254 (in Russian).
Козина И.М., Сережкина Е.В. (2019) Производственные факторы стресса в работе российских и французских IT-специалистов. Социологические исследования, (5): 26–35.
Kozina I.M., Serezhkina E.V. (2019) Production stress factors in the work of Russian and French IT specialists. Sociological research, 5: 26–35 (in Russian).
Липатов С. А. (2012) Проблема взаимодействия человека и организации: концепции и направления исследований. Вестник Московского университета. Сер. 14. Психология. 1: 85–96.
Lipatov S. A. (2012) The problem of interaction between man and organization: concepts and directions of research. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14. Psychology. 1: 85–96 (in Russian).
Орлова И. В., Филонова Е. С. (2015) Выбор экзогенных факторов в модель регрессии при мультиколлинеарности данных. Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований, 5(1): 108–116.
Orlova I. V., Filonova E. S. (2015) Selection of exogenous factors in a regression model with multicollinearity of data. International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research, 5(1): 108–116 (in Russian).
Русских С.В., Москвичева Л.И., Тарасенко Е.А., Тимурзиева А.Б., Макарова Е.В., Макарова Е.В., Тырановец С.В., Васильев М.Д. (2023) Взаимосвязь эмоционального выгорания с удовлетворённостью работой у врачей-онкологов терапевтического и хирургического профилей. Организационная психология, 13(1): 9–34.
Russkikh S.V., Moskvicheva L.I., Tarasenko E.A., Timurzieva A.B., Makarova E.V., Makarova E.V., Tyranovets S.V., Vasiliev M.D. (2023) The relationship between emotional burnout and job satisfaction in oncologists of therapeutic and surgical profiles. Organizational Psychology, 13(1): 9–34 (in Russian).
Сережкина Е.В. (2019) Управление стрессом на рабочем месте: организационный подход. Российский журнал менеджмента, 17(2): 233–250.
Serezhkina E.V. (2019) Workplace stress management: An organizational approach. Russian Management Journal, 17(2): 233–250 (in Russian).
Темницкий А.Л. (2002) Социокультурные факторы трудового поведения промышленных рабочих, 1990-е годы. Социологический журнал, 2: 76–94.
Temnitsky A.L. (2002) Sociocultural factors of industrial workers’ labor behavior, 1990s. Sociological Journal, 2: 76–94 (in Russian).
Темницкий А.Л. (2013) Расширение функций и контекста современных исследований удовлетворенности трудом. Социологический журнал, 3: 139–148.
Temnitsky A.L. (2013) Expanding the functions and context of modern job satisfaction studies. Sociological Journal, 3: 139–148 (in Russian).
Ajayi F.A., Udeh C.A. (2024) Combating Burnout in the IT industry: A review of employee well-being initiative. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(4): 567–588.
Alarcon G. (2011) A meta-analysis of burnout with job demands, resources, and attitudes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(2): 549–562.
Ayachit M., Chitta S. (2022). A systematic review of burnout studies from the hospitality literature. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31 (2): 125–144.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Euwema M.C. (2005) Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(2): 170–180.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. (2007) The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology 22(3): 309–328.
Bakker A.B., Demerouti E. (2017) Job Demands-Resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3): 273–285.
Bakker A.B., de Vries J.D. (2021) Job Demands-Resources theory and self-regulation: new explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34(1): 1–21.
Cho E. (2020) A comprehensive review of so-called Cronbach’s alpha. Journal of Product Research, 38(1): 9–20.
Cox T., Karanika-Murray M., Griffiths A., Houdmont J. (2008) Evaluating Organizational-level Work Stress Interventions: Beyond Traditional Methods. Work & Stress, 21: 348–362.
Demerouti E., Bakker A.B., Nachreiner F., Schaufeli W.B. (2001) The job demands–resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3): 499–512.
Demerouti E., Mostert K., Bakker A.B. (2010) Burnout and work engagement: A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3): 209–222.
Dougherty C. (2011) Introduction to econometrics. USA: Oxford University Press.
Janssen P.P., Schaufeli W.B., Houkes I. (1999) Work-related and individual determinants of the three burnout dimensions. Work & Stress, 13(1): 74–86.
Hobfoll S.E. (2001) The influence of culture, community, and the nested-self in the stress process: Advancing conservation of resources theory. Applied Psychology, 50(3): 337–421.
Lambert E.G., Qureshi H., Frank J., Klahm C., Smith B. (2018) Job stress, job involvement job satisfaction, and organizational commitment and their associations with job burnout among Indian police officers: a research note. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 33(2): 85–99.
Leiter M.P., Maslach C. (2004) Areas of worklife: a structured approach to organizational predictors of job burnout. In: Perrewe P.L., Ganster D.C. (eds.) Occupational Stress and Well-being. Oxford: Elsevier, 91–134.
Lesener T., Gusy B., Wolter C. (2019) The job demands-resources model: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal studies. Work & Stress, 33(1): 76–103.
Marmot M., Siegrist J., Theorell T. (2006) Health and the Psychosocial Environment at Work. In: Marmot M., Wilkinson R.G. (eds.) Social Determinants of Health. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Maslach C. (1976) Burned out. Human Behaviour, 9: 16–22.
Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. (1996) Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual. 3rd ed. Consulting Psychologists Press.
Maslach C., Schaufeli W.B., Leiter M. (2001) Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1): 397–422.
Maslach C., Leiter M.P. (2008) Early predictors of job burnout and engagement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(3): 498–512.
Maslach C., Leiter M.P. (2022) The Burnout Challenge: Managing People’s Relationships with Their Jobs. Harvard University Press.
Maricuţoiu L., Sava F., Butta O. (2016) The effectiveness of controlled interventions on employees’ burnout: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 89(1): 1–27.
Murphy L. (1995) Occupational Stress Management: Current Status and Future Directions. Trends in Organizational Behavior, 2: 1–14.
Palmer S., Cooper C., Thomas K. (2003) Revised Model of Organizational Stress for Use within Stress Prevention/Management and Wellbeing Programs — Brief Update. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 41(2): 57–68.
Perlman B., Hartman E.A. (1982) Burnout: Summary and Future Research. Human Relations, 35(4): 283–305.
Tarcan G.Y., Tarcan M., Top M. (2017) An analysis of relationship between burnout and job satisfaction among emergency health professionals. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 28(11–12): 1339–1356.
Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Dollard M.F., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W., Schreurs P.J.G. (2007) When do job demands particularly predict burnout? The moderating role of job resources. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(8): 766–786.
Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. (2009) Reciprocal relationships between job resources, personal resources, and work engagement. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3): 235–244.
Article
Received: 17.07.2024
Accepted: 25.12.2024
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
ACM
[1]
Kabalina, V.I., Voronina, N.D., Cheglakova, L.M. and Djokic, A. 2024. The Influence of Organizational and Individual Factors on Employee Burnout. Zhurnal sotsiologii i sotsialnoy antropologii (The Journal of Sociology and Social Anthropology). 27, 4 (Dec. 2024), 7–39. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31119/jssa.2024.27.4.1.
Section
Sociology of Labour
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